Top 63 Amazon IT Support Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for 2025

1. What are the primary responsibilities of an IT Support Engineer?

An IT Support Engineer’s primary responsibilities include providing technical support to users, troubleshooting hardware and software issues, managing IT infrastructure, ensuring system security, and maintaining documentation. They are also responsible for assisting with the setup of new devices and training users on technology use, ensuring smooth operations within the organization.

2. Explain the difference between hardware and software troubleshooting.

• Hardware troubleshooting: This involves diagnosing and resolving issues related to physical components of a computer or network, such as hard drives, RAM, or networking devices. It often requires inspecting connections, replacing faulty parts, or running diagnostic tests.
• Software troubleshooting: This focuses on identifying and fixing problems within software applications or operating systems. It may include reinstalling software, checking for updates, or resolving configuration issues.

Understanding both areas is essential for providing effective IT support.

3. What is an IP address, and why is it important?

An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, allowing them to communicate with one another. It plays a crucial role in routing data between devices on the internet. There are two types of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6, with IPv4 being the most commonly used format.

4. Describe the OSI model and its layers.

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to understand network communication. It consists of seven layers:

• Layer 1 – Physical: Deals with hardware transmission of raw bitstreams.
• Layer 2 – Data Link: Provides node-to-node data transfer and error detection.
• Layer 3 – Network: Handles routing of data packets across networks.
• Layer 4 – Transport: Ensures complete data transfer with error recovery.
• Layer 5 – Session: Manages sessions between applications.
• Layer 6 – Presentation: Translates data formats for the application layer.
• Layer 7 – Application: Interfaces with end-user applications.

Familiarity with the OSI model helps in understanding how data is transmitted and received across networks.

5. What is the purpose of Active Directory?

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft that manages permissions and access to networked resources. It is used to authenticate users and computers in a Windows domain environment, allowing administrators to manage user accounts, enforce security policies, and organize resources within a hierarchical structure.

6. How would you handle a situation where a user cannot connect to the internet?

To handle this situation, I would follow these troubleshooting steps:

• Check hardware: Ensure the user’s device is powered on and the network cable is securely connected.
• Verify network settings: Check if the device is connected to the correct Wi-Fi network and if the network adapter is enabled.
• Run diagnostics: Use built-in network troubleshooting tools to identify issues.
• Restart devices: Suggest restarting the modem/router and the user’s device.

If the problem persists, I would escalate the issue to the network team for further investigation.

7. What are some common Windows command-line tools?

Common Windows command-line tools include:

• ipconfig: Displays network configuration details and can renew DHCP leases.
• ping: Tests connectivity to another device on the network.
• tracert: Traces the route packets take to reach a destination.
• netstat: Displays active network connections and listening ports.
• chkdsk: Checks and repairs disk errors.

These tools are essential for diagnosing and resolving network and system issues.

8. What is the function of a firewall?

A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Its primary function is to establish a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, preventing unauthorized access and protecting sensitive data from cyber threats.

9. Explain the importance of backups and different types of backup methods.

Backups are crucial for data protection, ensuring that information can be restored in case of data loss due to hardware failure, accidental deletion, or disasters. Common backup methods include:

• Full backup: Copies all data to a backup location, providing a complete snapshot.
• Incremental backup: Backs up only the data that has changed since the last backup, saving time and storage.
• Differential backup: Backs up all data changed since the last full backup, requiring more storage than incremental backups but less than full backups.

Implementing a robust backup strategy is essential for data recovery and business continuity.

10. What steps would you take to troubleshoot a printer that is not working?

To troubleshoot a non-working printer, I would:

• Check power and connections: Ensure the printer is powered on and properly connected to the network or computer.
• Verify status: Look for error messages or warning lights on the printer’s display.
• Inspect print queue: Check if there are any stuck print jobs and clear the queue if necessary.
• Update drivers: Ensure the printer drivers are up-to-date and reinstall them if needed.

If the issue persists, I would consult the printer’s manual or contact technical support.

11. What is the role of DNS in networking?

DNS (Domain Name System) is a hierarchical system that translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network. This service enables users to access websites using easy-to-remember names rather than numerical IP addresses and plays a critical role in the functionality of the internet.

12. How do you ensure system security in a corporate environment?

Ensuring system security involves several practices:

• Implementing firewalls: Using firewalls to block unauthorized access.
• Regular updates: Keeping software and systems updated to protect against vulnerabilities.
• User education: Training employees on security best practices, including recognizing phishing attempts.
• Access control: Enforcing strong password policies and limiting user permissions based on roles.

These measures help safeguard sensitive information and maintain a secure corporate environment.

13. What is the purpose of troubleshooting documentation?

Troubleshooting documentation serves as a reference guide that outlines common issues, their symptoms, and resolution steps. It is important for the following reasons:

• Efficiency: Provides a quick reference for IT support staff, reducing time spent on resolving known issues.
• Training: Helps new team members learn how to handle common problems effectively.
• Continuous improvement: Allows for the analysis of recurring issues to implement long-term solutions.

Maintaining up-to-date documentation is essential for effective IT support operations.

14. What are some common cybersecurity threats?

Common cybersecurity threats include:

• Phishing: A method of tricking users into revealing personal information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity.
• Malware: Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to systems.
• Ransomware: A type of malware that encrypts files and demands payment for their release.
• DDoS attacks: Distributed Denial of Service attacks that overwhelm a system with traffic to make it unavailable.

Understanding these threats is essential for maintaining security in an IT environment.

15. How do you prioritize tasks when handling multiple support requests?

When handling multiple support requests, I prioritize tasks by assessing their urgency and impact. I consider factors such as:

• Severity: Issues affecting critical systems or a large number of users take precedence.
• Time sensitivity: Requests with impending deadlines or business impact are prioritized.
• Customer impact: Issues affecting high-profile clients or business operations are addressed first.

This structured approach helps ensure that the most pressing issues are resolved promptly.

16. What is the role of an IT Support Engineer?

An IT Support Engineer is responsible for maintaining the computer systems and networks of an organization. This role includes troubleshooting hardware and software issues, providing technical support to users, and ensuring that IT infrastructure runs smoothly. Additionally, IT Support Engineers may be involved in setting up new equipment, conducting system updates, and managing backups to prevent data loss.

17. Describe the importance of Active Directory in an IT environment.

Active Directory (AD) is critical in managing users and computers in a network. It provides a centralized platform for user authentication and authorization, ensuring that users have the required permissions to access resources. Additionally, AD facilitates the management of security policies and group policies, which help maintain a secure and organized IT environment.

18. How do you troubleshoot a slow computer?

• Check for resource usage: Use Task Manager to identify processes consuming high CPU or memory.
• Scan for malware: Run a full antivirus scan to detect and remove any malicious software.
• Disk cleanup: Use tools to delete temporary files and free up disk space.
• Check for software updates: Ensure that the operating system and applications are up to date.

By following these steps, you can effectively identify and address the common causes of a slow computer, improving performance.

19. What is the purpose of a VPN?

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is used to create a secure connection over the internet. It encrypts the user’s internet traffic, protecting sensitive data from hackers and unauthorized access. VPNs are commonly utilized to provide secure remote access to corporate networks, allowing employees to work from various locations while maintaining security.

20. Explain the difference between HTTP and HTTPS.

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol for transferring data over the web, but it does not provide encryption.
• HTTPS (HTTP Secure) is an extension of HTTP that uses SSL/TLS to encrypt data, ensuring secure communication between the client and server.

Using HTTPS is crucial for securing sensitive information, especially on e-commerce or login pages, as it protects against eavesdropping and tampering.

21. How would you reset a user’s password in Active Directory?

To reset a user’s password in Active Directory, you can follow these steps: Open the Active Directory Users and Computers console, find the user account, right-click on it, and select “Reset Password.” Enter the new password and confirm it. Ensure that the option to require the user to change the password at the next logon is checked, if applicable.

22. What is the function of a firewall?

A firewall acts as a security barrier between a trusted network and untrusted networks, such as the internet. Its primary function is to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls help protect networks from unauthorized access and various cyber threats by filtering traffic and blocking potentially harmful connections.

23. Can you explain what DNS is and its purpose?

Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical system that translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to identify each other on the network. DNS is essential for browsing the internet, as it allows users to access websites using easy-to-remember names instead of complex numerical addresses.

24. What are some common troubleshooting steps you would take when a user reports that their computer is not connecting to the network?

When troubleshooting a network connectivity issue, I would follow these steps:

• Check physical connections: Ensure that the network cable is securely connected to both the computer and the switch/router.
• Verify network settings: Check the IP configuration to ensure the device has a valid IP address, subnet mask, and gateway.
• Ping test: Use the ping command to test connectivity to the router and external sites.
• Check for outages: Determine if there are any known outages or issues with the network.
• Restart devices: If all else fails, restart the computer and network equipment to resolve temporary issues.

25. Can you explain what DNS is and how it works?

DNS, or Domain Name System, is a hierarchical system that translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to identify each other on the network. When a user types a domain name into a browser, a DNS query is sent to a DNS server, which responds with the corresponding IP address, allowing the browser to connect to the desired server.

26. What is Active Directory, and why is it important in a corporate environment?

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It stores information about members of the domain, including devices and users, and provides authentication and authorization services. Its importance lies in centralized management of user accounts and resources, security policies, and access control, which streamlines administration and enhances security across the organization.

27. How do you monitor system performance and troubleshoot performance issues?

To monitor system performance, I utilize tools like Task Manager, Resource Monitor, or performance monitoring software (e.g., Nagios, Zabbix). Key performance indicators include CPU usage, memory usage, disk activity, and network traffic. When troubleshooting performance issues, I analyze the resource usage patterns, identify bottlenecks, and check for running processes that may be consuming excessive resources, ultimately taking corrective actions based on findings.

28. Explain the difference between a switch and a router.

A switch and a router serve different purposes in a network:

• Switch: Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) and connects devices within the same network, using MAC addresses to forward data to the correct destination.
• Router: Operates at the network layer (Layer 3) and connects different networks, using IP addresses to route data between them.

In summary, switches are used for local network traffic management, while routers direct traffic between different networks.

29. What is the purpose of a firewall, and how does it work?

A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between trusted networks and untrusted ones, filtering traffic to protect systems from unauthorized access and threats. Firewalls can be hardware-based, software-based, or a combination of both, and they work by examining packets and allowing or blocking them based on security policies.

30. How would you handle a situation where a user is unable to access a critical application?

In handling a situation where a user cannot access a critical application, I would take the following steps:

• Gather details: Ask the user for specific error messages or behaviors they are experiencing.
• Check application status: Verify if the application is running and if there are any known outages.
• Review user permissions: Ensure that the user has the appropriate access rights to the application.
• Test connectivity: Confirm that the user’s device can connect to the application server.
• Escalate if needed: If the issue persists, escalate to application support or development teams for further investigation.

31. What is the purpose of VPN, and how does it enhance security?

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates a secure, encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the Internet. It enhances security by protecting data transmitted between the user and the private network, effectively masking the user’s IP address and ensuring that sensitive information remains confidential. VPNs are particularly useful for remote access and secure connections to corporate networks.

32. Describe how you would back up and restore data in a Windows environment.

In a Windows environment, I would use built-in backup tools such as Windows Backup and Restore or third-party software. For backing up data:

• Select the files/folders or system image to back up.
• Choose a backup destination (external drive, network location, or cloud).
• Schedule regular backups to ensure data is consistently protected.

For restoration, I would navigate to the backup tool, select the backup set, and follow the prompts to restore the desired files or system state, ensuring minimal downtime.

33. What is the significance of patch management?

Patch management is crucial for maintaining the security and functionality of software and systems. It involves the process of acquiring, testing, and installing patches to software applications and systems. The significance includes:

• Security: Patches often address vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
• Stability: Patches can fix bugs and improve software performance.
• Compliance: Regular patching helps organizations meet regulatory requirements.

Effective patch management ensures systems remain secure and operational.

34. How do you ensure that your IT support team maintains high customer service standards?

To ensure high customer service standards, I would implement the following strategies:

• Training: Regularly train the support team on technical skills and customer service best practices.
• Feedback: Collect feedback from users to identify areas for improvement.
• SLAs: Establish clear service level agreements (SLAs) to set expectations for response and resolution times.
• Monitoring: Use performance metrics to monitor team performance and provide coaching as needed.

By fostering a culture of excellence and accountability, the support team can consistently meet user needs.

35. What is cloud computing, and what are its benefits?

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the Internet, including storage, processing, and software. The benefits of cloud computing include:

• Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down based on demand.
• Cost-effectiveness: Reduce costs by paying only for the resources used.
• Accessibility: Access data and applications from anywhere with an Internet connection.
• Disaster recovery: Simplified backup and recovery solutions enhance data protection.

These advantages make cloud computing an attractive option for businesses of all sizes.

36. Explain the difference between HTTP and HTTPS.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for transmitting data over the web, while HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is its secure version. The main differences are:

• Security: HTTPS uses SSL/TLS encryption to secure data transmitted between the client and server, protecting against eavesdropping and tampering.
• Port: HTTP typically uses port 80, while HTTPS uses port 443.
• SEO: Search engines favor HTTPS sites over HTTP for better security and user trust.

In summary, HTTPS is essential for secure online transactions and protecting user data.

39. What steps would you take to troubleshoot a computer that won’t start?

Troubleshooting a computer that won’t start involves several systematic steps:

• Check Power Supply: Ensure the power cable is connected and the outlet is functional.
• Inspect Hardware: Look for any loose connections, damaged hardware, or unusual sounds.
• Boot into Safe Mode: If possible, try booting into Safe Mode to isolate software issues.
• Check for POST Beeps: Listen for any beeping sounds during startup which can indicate hardware failures.
• Use Recovery Tools: If the OS fails to load, utilize recovery tools or installation media to repair.

Following these steps can help identify the root cause and resolve the issue effectively.

40. How do you prioritize support tickets in a high-volume environment?

Prioritizing support tickets effectively in a high-volume environment involves:

• Severity Level: Assess the impact on business operations; critical issues get higher priority.
• SLAs: Follow Service Level Agreements to ensure timely responses to tickets based on urgency.
• User Impact: Consider the number of users affected; issues impacting many users are prioritized higher.
• Time to Resolution: Evaluate how long the issue has been open and prioritize accordingly.

By applying these criteria, you can ensure that the most pressing issues are addressed first, maintaining service quality.

41. Describe how you would handle a situation where a customer is frustrated with a technical issue.

Handling frustrated customers requires empathy and effective communication:

• Listen Actively: Allow the customer to express their concerns without interruption.
• Empathize: Acknowledge their frustration and reassure them that you are there to help.
• Gather Information: Ask clarifying questions to understand the issue thoroughly.
• Provide Solutions: Offer clear, step-by-step solutions and set realistic expectations.
• Follow Up: After resolving the issue, follow up to ensure satisfaction and prevent future issues.

This approach can help defuse tension and restore customer confidence in the support process.

42. What is the role of Active Directory in IT support?

Active Directory (AD) plays a critical role in IT support by managing user identities and access to resources:

• User Management: AD allows administrators to create, modify, and delete user accounts efficiently.
• Access Control: It provides a centralized way to manage permissions for accessing network resources.
• Group Policies: AD can enforce security settings and configurations across all devices in a network.
• Single Sign-On: Users can access multiple applications with one set of credentials, enhancing security and convenience.

Overall, Active Directory simplifies administration and enhances security in an organizational environment.

43. How would you explain the importance of backups to a non-technical user?

When explaining the importance of backups to a non-technical user, consider using simple language:

• Data Loss Prevention: Backups are essential to protect against data loss due to hardware failures, accidental deletion, or malware attacks.
• Business Continuity: In case of a disaster, having backups ensures that critical information can be restored quickly, minimizing downtime.
• Peace of Mind: Knowing that data is securely backed up alleviates worries about losing important files.

Using relatable examples, like how losing a cherished photo can be devastating, helps convey the necessity of regular backups.

44. What tools or software do you use for remote troubleshooting?

Remote troubleshooting tools are essential for diagnosing and resolving issues without being physically present. Common tools include:

• TeamViewer: Allows remote access and control of a user’s computer for troubleshooting and support.
• Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP): Windows feature that enables remote access to computers over a network.
• LogMeIn: Offers remote support capabilities along with file transfer options for easy troubleshooting.
• AnyDesk: Provides fast and secure remote desktop access with low latency, suitable for quick fixes.

These tools enhance efficiency and enable IT professionals to provide support from anywhere.

45. How do you ensure security when accessing sensitive information remotely?

Ensuring security while accessing sensitive information remotely is crucial. Here are best practices:

• Use VPNs: Virtual Private Networks encrypt data transmitted between devices, protecting it from interception.
• Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring additional verification steps beyond just a password.
• Regular Software Updates: Keep software and operating systems up-to-date to protect against vulnerabilities.
• Educate Users: Train users on recognizing phishing attempts and secure password practices.

By adopting these measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data.

47. What design patterns are commonly used in IT support roles?

Common design patterns in IT support include:

• Singleton Pattern: Ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it, useful for managing shared resources.
• Observer Pattern: Facilitates a subscription mechanism to allow multiple objects to listen and react to events or changes in another object, ideal for monitoring systems.
• Factory Pattern: Allows for the creation of objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created, which helps in managing different types of support requests.

48. How do you ensure system scalability in an IT environment?

To ensure system scalability, consider the following strategies:

• Load Balancing: Distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers to prevent overload on a single server.
• Vertical and Horizontal Scaling: Vertical scaling involves adding resources to a single server, while horizontal scaling involves adding more servers to handle increased load.
• Microservices Architecture: Break applications into smaller, independently deployable services that can be scaled individually based on demand.

These strategies help maintain performance as user demand grows.

49. Describe your approach to troubleshooting a network issue.

My troubleshooting approach follows these steps:

• Identify the Problem: Gather relevant information from users and logs to understand the issue’s scope.
• Isolate the Cause: Use tools like ping, traceroute, and network analyzers to pinpoint where the failure occurs.
• Implement Solutions: Based on the findings, apply appropriate fixes, such as restarting services or reconfiguring network devices.
• Document Findings: Keep a record of the issue, steps taken, and final resolution for future reference.

This systematic approach helps in resolving issues efficiently and prevents recurrence.

50. What is the importance of monitoring in IT support?

Monitoring is crucial in IT support because it allows for:

• Proactive Issue Detection: Early identification of potential problems before they impact users.
• Performance Metrics: Continuous tracking of system performance helps in understanding usage patterns and optimizing resources.
• Compliance and Reporting: Monitoring ensures that systems adhere to compliance standards and provides data for audits.

Effective monitoring leads to improved reliability and user satisfaction.

51. How do you handle a high-pressure situation in IT support?

Handling high-pressure situations involves:

• Staying Calm: Maintaining composure helps in assessing the situation clearly.
• Prioritizing Tasks: Focus on critical issues that affect the most users or systems first.
• Effective Communication: Keeping stakeholders informed about the status of the issue and expected resolution times.
• Post-Mortem Analysis: After resolution, review the incident to identify lessons learned and improve future responses.

This approach ensures that issues are resolved effectively while minimizing stress.

52. Can you explain the concept of redundancy in IT systems?

Redundancy in IT systems refers to the inclusion of extra components or systems to ensure reliability and availability. This can include:

• Hardware Redundancy: Using multiple servers or components so that if one fails, others can take over.
• Data Redundancy: Keeping copies of data in multiple locations to prevent data loss.
• Network Redundancy: Implementing multiple network paths to ensure connectivity if one path fails.

Redundancy enhances system resilience and uptime.

53. What tools do you use for system monitoring and why?

I utilize several tools for system monitoring, including:

• Prometheus: An open-source monitoring solution that collects and stores metrics as time series data, ideal for dynamic environments.
• Nagios: A widely-used tool that provides monitoring for systems, networks, and infrastructure, allowing for alerting and reporting.
• Grafana: A visualization tool that integrates with various data sources, making it easier to analyze and display metrics.

These tools provide comprehensive insights into system performance and health, facilitating proactive management.

54. How do you mentor junior IT support staff?

Mentoring junior IT support staff involves:

• Knowledge Sharing: Regularly conducting training sessions on tools, processes, and best practices.
• Providing Guidance: Offering assistance with complex problems and encouraging critical thinking.
• Setting Goals: Helping them set professional development goals and providing feedback on their progress.
• Encouraging Independence: Allowing them to handle tasks independently while being available for support.

This approach fosters growth and builds a strong support team.

55. Explain the role of automation in IT support.

Automation in IT support streamlines processes and improves efficiency by:

• Reducing Manual Tasks: Automating repetitive tasks like system updates or report generation frees up time for complex problem-solving.
• Enhancing Consistency: Automation reduces human error, ensuring that tasks are performed uniformly.
• Improving Response Times: Automated alerts can prompt immediate responses to issues, minimizing downtime.

Implementing automation leads to a more efficient and reliable IT support environment.

56. What is your experience with cloud computing in IT support?

My experience with cloud computing includes:

• Cloud Migration: Assisting organizations in migrating services and applications to cloud platforms like AWS or Azure.
• Cloud Resource Management: Monitoring and optimizing cloud resources to ensure cost-effectiveness and performance.
• Security Practices: Implementing security measures such as identity and access management (IAM) to protect cloud resources.

Cloud computing enhances flexibility and scalability while providing robust support capabilities.

57. Describe a time when you had to lead a team through a challenging project.

In a previous role, I led a team during a major system upgrade with tight deadlines. My approach included:

• Clear Communication: Setting expectations and ensuring everyone understood their roles.
• Regular Check-Ins: Holding daily stand-up meetings to track progress and address challenges.
• Encouraging Collaboration: Fostering an environment where team members could share ideas and solutions.

By effectively leading the team, we successfully completed the project on time, enhancing system performance and reliability.

58. How do you evaluate and implement new technologies in your work?

Evaluating and implementing new technologies involves:

• Researching Options: Analyzing various tools and technologies to determine their suitability for our environment.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis: Weighing the benefits against the costs to ensure a positive return on investment.
• Testing Solutions: Running pilot programs to evaluate the effectiveness of new technologies before full implementation.
• Gathering Feedback: Collecting input from team members and stakeholders to assess the impact of the technology.

This structured approach ensures that any new technology aligns with organizational goals and improves operations.

62. How would you approach troubleshooting a system performance issue in a scalable environment?

Troubleshooting system performance issues in a scalable environment requires a systematic approach:

• Identify the Bottleneck: Use monitoring tools to analyze system performance metrics such as CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network latency to pinpoint the root cause.
• Analyze Logs: Review application and system logs to catch any error patterns or anomalies that correlate with performance degradation.
• Implement Load Testing: Simulate user load to see how the system behaves under stress, which helps in identifying scalability issues.
• Optimize Resources: Based on findings, consider optimizing database queries, adjusting load balancer settings, or scaling out resources to handle increased demand.

This structured approach ensures that you can efficiently identify and address performance issues while maintaining system reliability.

63. Can you explain the importance of design patterns in IT support and provide an example of a pattern you have implemented?

Design patterns play a crucial role in IT support by promoting best practices and providing proven solutions to common problems. They enhance code maintainability, scalability, and collaboration among team members. One common design pattern in IT support is the Observer Pattern, which allows objects to subscribe and react to events or state changes.

For instance, in a monitoring system, you can implement the Observer Pattern to notify various components when a critical threshold is reached:

class Subject {
  constructor() {
    this.observers = [];
  }
  
  subscribe(observer) {
    this.observers.push(observer);
  }
  
  notify(data) {
    this.observers.forEach(observer => observer.update(data));
  }
}

class Observer {
  update(data) {
    console.log("Received update:", data);
  }
}

// Usage
const subject = new Subject();
const observer1 = new Observer();
subject.subscribe(observer1);
subject.notify("CPU usage exceeded 80%");

This design pattern allows for a scalable notification system where multiple components can react to state changes without tightly coupling them, thus improving system flexibility and maintainability.